28 October, 2024;As the festival of Diwali approaches, Delhi, India’s national capital, finds itself grappling with severe air quality issues. On the morning of October 28, the city recorded a 24-hour average Air Quality Index (AQI) of 264, indicating ‘very poor’ air quality. This figure reflects a significant decline in air quality, nearly 90 points lower than the AQI recorded just a day prior.
The deteriorating air quality poses serious health risks to residents, particularly vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing health conditions. With the onset of winter and the accompanying increase in stubble burning in neighboring states, coupled with local pollution sources, the air quality in Delhi is expected to worsen further as Diwali festivities begin.
Contributing Factors
Several factors contribute to Delhi’s air quality crisis:
- Stubble Burning: The practice of burning crop residue in Punjab and Haryana significantly adds to particulate matter in the air. The situation is exacerbated during this time of year, as farmers clear their fields in preparation for the next planting season.
- Vehicular Emissions: Delhi has one of the highest densities of vehicles in the world. Emissions from vehicles, particularly older diesel models, contribute significantly to the city’s pollution levels.
- Construction Dust: Ongoing construction activities in the city generate substantial dust, which is a major source of airborne particulate matter.
- Firecrackers: The tradition of bursting firecrackers during Diwali adds to the already high levels of air pollution. Despite government regulations aimed at curbing the use of harmful firecrackers, their use continues to rise each festive season.
Health Implications
The implications of prolonged exposure to poor air quality are alarming. Short-term exposure can lead to respiratory issues, eye irritation, and fatigue, while long-term exposure can exacerbate chronic health conditions, leading to more severe respiratory diseases and cardiovascular problems. Health experts are urging residents to take precautions, especially during Diwali, when pollution levels are expected to spike.
Government Response
In response to the deteriorating air quality, the Delhi government has implemented various measures, including the enforcement of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP). This plan includes actions such as increased monitoring of air quality, banning certain construction activities, and restricting the use of diesel generators. However, the effectiveness of these measures remains a concern, especially with public adherence to pollution control measures being a significant factor.
Public Awareness
As Diwali approaches, public awareness campaigns are being ramped up to educate citizens about the importance of celebrating responsibly. Authorities are encouraging the use of eco-friendly alternatives to traditional firecrackers and promoting the importance of staying indoors during high pollution days.
Conclusion
With Diwali just around the corner, the air quality situation in Delhi serves as a stark reminder of the ongoing challenges posed by urban pollution. It is crucial for the government, residents, and businesses to work together to mitigate pollution and ensure that the festivities do not come at the cost of public health. As the city prepares to celebrate one of its most significant festivals, the hope is that residents can find ways to enjoy the festivities while prioritizing their health and well-being.
